Q.S.R. NUD*IST Power version, revision 4.0.
Licensee: History Department.

PROJECT: COHD database, User megan cook, 9:33 am, Jul 22, 2002.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++
+++ Text search for 'washing'

+++ Searching document int. Allen, Stan...

+++ Searching document int.Barbara, Jack...
JB: Everywhere where mum could do it, she was that spotless, she used sheets, 
white  sheets. Now those sheets were put away each time she was finished with 
them. They  weren't put on beds or anything like that. She was very hygienic 
that way she . . . and  she used to go down to the mill and get the big bags of 
wheat, she'd pick em out. She'd  take em home and she'd boil them. Boil the 
wheat. She had a separate copper for the  wheat and a separate copper for the 
WASHING.           288
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+++ Searching document int.Mrs OB, Mrs ZR, int 1...

+++ Searching document int.Mrs OB, Mrs ZR, int 2...
SB:  AND WASHING MACHINE?          505
OB:  We had the boiler, pumice boiler.  That was a smart thing in those days and 
the  glass WASHING board.  We had the glass washing board and they did all of 
that.  Then  they started to get all modern things you see.         511
SB:  GETTING THE FRIDGE AND THE WASHING MACHINE?       527
SB:  MMM.  WASHED UP AND EVERYTHING.  DID HE HAVE ANY MEANS OF SORT OF WASHING 
UP AND  EATING IN HIS WAGON?  LIKE DID HE CARRY SAY FOOD AND ALL THAT SORT OF 
STUFF?2097
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+++ Searching document int.Mrs OB, Mrs ZR, int 3...

+++ Searching document int J B...
      And all the housework.  But she did have a woman who would come in once a 
week and  do the WASHING and ironing.  Later on she had a woman who would come 
twice a week and go  through the house.  It saved her a lot of hard work.  But 
we had a big wooden veranda  and I've seen her down on her knees scrubbing that 
verandah.  It had to be clean.  The  kitchen floor was covered with linoleum.  
Well that had to be washed.  She seemed to be  very busy.        583
      RB:  Oh yes.  They didn't have all the things to help that they have here. 
You see  WASHING day was a big job.  As a matter of fact I wrote to a sister of 
mine a couple of  weeks ago.  I was saying that I couldn't do my washing. But I 
said when we were young  Monday was washing day and we always washed on Monday.  
It always seemed to get dry.   There must have been wet days but they still 
washed on a Monday.        
647       RB:  Blowed if I know.  But everybody washed on Monday. When we first 
lived in  Anderson's Bay there wasn't a very good supply of water because there 
weren't many  houses there.  On WASHING day we couldn't get any water in our 
house after 9 o'clock in  the morning.  So we hadn't been there very long when 
my father bought a tank.  The rain  water went into this tank.  If they couldn't 
get any water on Monday then they just used  the tap water.  But she always 
soaked the washing.  Sheets and things on Sunday night.   They'd soak all night 
and then they would go into the copper the next day.  Everything  was boiled. I 
think the sheets and the towels, handkerchieves.  Everything was boiled.   Then 
you took it out of that into the first tub and it was rinsed.  Then you rinsed 
it  twice and it went into the blue water.
651       RB:  We used to buy little knobs of Ricket Blue.  You'd fill the tub 
up about half  or three quarters full of water.  Then you'd put the blue in and 
wriggle it around until  the water was blue.  That kept the WASHING white.  It 
was always sparkling white.           655
      RB:  I don't know but it certainly kept the WASHING white. Nobody uses 
blue now,  do they?  Nobody cares whether their sheets look a little bit creamy. 
They don't seem to  go creamy now.  Perhaps it's what's in what they used to 
make them.  All the sheets then  were cotton or linen.  I go down sometimes down 
to Balclutha to stay with a sort of  cousin, one of the original Begg families 
down there.  Last time I was down she had  sheets on the bed.  The sheets were 
so thick.  You don't get them like that now.  What's  more they had a crocheted 
edge put on them.  She had pillowcases with a crocheted edge  on them. She'd got 
them from her grandmother you see.  I suppose she was the only one in  the 
family that would value them.  But it was quite interesting to see them.  The 
blue  must have been a sort of bleach.  When the sunlight got on it.          
659
      And you see to do the WASHING it used to take all of Monday morning by the 
time  you had these things boiled and rinsed and hung on the line.  Then they 
had to be  ironed.  Everything, sheets, towels. Oh not the towels.  But 
serviettes, table cloths,  everything had to be ironed. Some things were 
starched.  Table cloths went through the  starch.  serviettes went through the 
starch.  Doilies went through the starch.  You had  a doily on every plate.  You 
didn't put biscuits or anything on a plate unless you had a  doily underneath 
it. All those doilies were mostly handmade.  We used to do a lot of  fancy work.  
I made doilies with fancy work around or sometimes a bit of crochet around  the 
edge.  There'd be cross-stich we'd use.  We did a tremendous lot of fancy work.  
I  don't think I've got anything left now.  I've given most of it away to the  
grandchildren.    681
      MC:  APART FROM DOING THE WASHING, WERE THERE ANY OTHER REALLY BIG 
HOUSEHOLD JOBS  THAT HAPPENED THAT HAD A PARTICULAR DAY THEY HAPPENED ON OR 
HAPPENED AT A PARTICULAR 
TIME OF YEAR?     683
      RB:  Well that I couldn't tell you but until we went to Anderson's Bay we 
didn't  have it.  From what I remember they had coal stoves with at one side a 
boiler that was  sort of built into the stove.  There was a tap on the front.  
If you wanted hot water  for WASHING dishes or things like that you'd take what 
they called the dipper - what do  you call them now?  You know, like a big jug, 
aluminium jug.717
      RB:  No.  There was a cold water tap over the copper.  She'd fill it from 
that.   No lifting to fill the thing you see.  That was a big thing.  She would 
fill the copper  with cold water and a fire underneath and that would boil it. 
It had to boil for a  certain time.  I don't remember how long.  But you had to 
keep the fire going until your  white WASHING was boiled.  After it had boiled 
so long she had a long stick and she  would lift it out into the first tub which 
would be half full of cold water.  She  couldn't get it all out at once, she'd 
do about half of it at a time you see.  Then she  would rinse that twice and 
then it would go into the blue. Eventually she'd have it all  out.  Then in 
would go the towels and you'd boil all those up.  When the towels were out  
she'd put the floor cloths in.  So everything was boiled.735
      RB:  Yes.  It was the division between the two tubs, clamped to that.  At 
first  you had to turn the wringer by hand.  Later on my father got a WASHING 
machine but it  was one with a wheel at the side and you had to go like this. 
But the inside was lined  with corrugations like a washboard.  Have you ever 
seen a washboard?    743
      RB:  Well the inside of this WASHING machine was lined round with those 
sort of  corrugations.  I don't think they boiled the washing then but I 
wouldn't swear to it.   She might have boiled just the towels and things.  But I 
don't think she boiled  everything as she had.  Then later on they got an 
electric washing machine.  There would  be a wringer that you could swing round 
between the two tubs so that there was no longer  the hurdy gurdy trying to 
wring the washing. That used to be a big job. 747
      MC:  WHEN WAS IT THAT THEY GOT THE ELECTRIC WASHING MACHINE?      749
      RB:  No.  It was long before that.  It could have been the early 1920s I 
think. It  might even have been before that.  And another thing, she didn't do 
the pumping back and  forth with the WASHING machine.  My father used to do that 
for her  He had retired when  we went out there and he used to help her quite a 
lot with anything that needed helping  like that.  Of course he used to do all 
the garden too.  She didn't do that at all.         755
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+++ Searching document int.Mrs JB...
      *MC:      WHEN YOU WERE MARRIED, CAN YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU GOT YOUR FIRST 
WASHING  MACHINE?          441
      MC:      MMM. HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DID THINGS LIKE WASHING MACHINES 
MAKE TO  HOUSEWORK?        445
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+++ Searching document int.Mrs JB 1983...

+++ Searching document int.Boulton, Miss...

+++ Searching document int.Mrs RB, & Whitty, J...

+++ Searching document int.Caird, Myrtle...
         *MEG:  NOW AFTER YOU GOT MARRIED, DO YOU REMEMBER GETTING YOUR FIRST 
WASHING  MACHINE?          880
         MC:  Oh yes.  Oh yes I can remember getting my first WASHING machine.  
It was  after I was rid of all the nappies.  It was after my son was born.      
882
         MC:  Of course WASHING machines were sort of just coming in then and 
they were  new.894
         MEG:  SO YOU WOULD HAVE GOT YOUR FIRST WASHING MACHINE THEN SOME TIME 
IN THE  LATER 1940S.      896
         MC:  No I'd be in the 1950s before I got mine.  Kenneth was born in 
1949.  It  would be about '51 or '52 before I got a WASHING machine.898
         MEG:  HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DID THINGS LIKE WASHING MACHINES MAKE TO 
HOUSEWORK?        900
         MC:  Yes, yes.  Then you had to do the nappies separate.  Oh no you 
started  WASHING in the morning and you might still be going into the afternoon. 
914
         MC:  It was WASHING day Monday.918
         MC:  Yes.  I always washed on Monday.  Except when the children come 
along  there was nappies and things.  That was WASHING every day. And I know my 
mother she  always did her washing on Monday.  922
         MC:  Oh big change.  Oh yes.  You see well the WASHING machines that 
came in,  you had to stand and put them through the wringer.  That was my first 
one. But you still  had to stand there when they were going backwards and 
forwards. Then you put them  through the wringer.  When my mother more or less 
and then I carried on you had your  scrubbing board to do things.  Well then of 
course they went from that into the  automatic.  Well that's wonderful, 
absolutely.         934
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+++ Searching document int.Campbell, Amelia...

+++ Searching document int.Campbell, Ronald J....

+++ Searching document int.Campbell, William...

+++ Searching document int.Colbert, Leslie...
INT	SO YOUR MOTHER DID ALL THE WASHING AND MENDING?    124
LC	Yes.  WASHING was a big job in those days.  They had the copper outside 
and had to  stoke it up with coal.  There was no time to go out to work, you had 
a full time job in  the house.  There was a coal range and not even water was 
laid on.  The toilet was way  down the bottom of the garden and the nightman 
used to come round.  No electricity, just  candles and lamps.  I think that's 
why my eyesight is so good today.  Electricity is too  bright.  The range was a 
coal range with a jacker down the side for hot water.  No such  thing as 
electrically hot water or even the range heating hot water as there was no  
water coming to the house.  We had tanks outside the house.126
INT	WHAT ABOUT WASHING AND BATHING?  DID YOU HAVE OUTSIDE FACILITIES?   164
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+++ Searching document int.Crossan, Phyllis...
      *MC:  NOW ONCE YOU GOT MARRIED CAN YOU REMEMBER YOUR FIRST WASHING 
MACHINE?           331
      PC:  Yes.  I got that when Graham was a baby.  He would have been about 
nine  months old.  He's the youngest.  I swept the kitchen floor and was putting 
a slip mat  under our sofa.  The next thing I found myself on the floor, when I 
came to I was on the  floor, and I had put my back out.  Therefore I was put 
into plaster from my hips up to  my armpits and I couldn't lean over the wash 
tub.  Before that I had the old copper  which I used to stoke.  In those days it 
was when we had the butcher shop and I washed  all the men's coats and aprons.  
Of course I couldn't do that then you see so I got my  first WASHING machine. 
That would have been about six years after I was married.333
      MC:  HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DID THINGS LIKE WASHING MACHINES MAKE TO 
HOUSEWORK?     339
      PC:  I think it's one of your main things.  I said to my husband last 
night that I  always say no I don't want this and I don't want that because I'd 
rather just stick with  what I've got.  You know, I don't want all these new 
gadgets and things.  But I said the  WASHING machine I think is one of the most 
important things in the household.  You could  put it on any time.  You could be 
cooking a meal.  Last night I put it on after tea  while we were watching TV. 
The washing machine was going away there all ready to put out  this morning.  
It's most important.341
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+++ Searching document int.Cummings/Manson part 2...

+++ Searching document int.Cummings/Manson part1...

+++ Searching document int.Davidson, Andrew...

+++ Searching document int.Delargey, Edward J....

+++ Searching document int.Denford, Frank...
	FD:  Ah, as far as the housework was concerned the mother, mum,as I'll 
keep on calling  her because we always knew her as mum, ah, would um, do the 
cooking, prepare most of the  meals, which were comparatively simple.  Um, the 
girls when they were at home, before  they were married and that, would have 
their duties to do, like making beds and peeling  potatoes and WASHING up the 
dishes.  My father of course, would have chopping wood, and  getting in the coal 
and after all they were all coal ranges in those days and any other,  the 
gardening, he would do the gardening. We grew our own vegetables and most people 
did  in those days.  We kept fowls, which was a very common thing because of the 
eggs and  occasionally we had poultry, um, to supplement the meals.105
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+++ Searching document int.Mr KD F L...

+++ Searching document int.Mr BD...
      MC:  THAT'S AMAZING.  'CAUSE IT IS STILL QUITE A LOT OF WORK, ISN'T IT? 
(BD: Mmm.)   EVEN WITH ALL THE WASHING MACHINES AND ALL THE REST OF IT.711
      BD:  She's got the WASHING machine and the dryer now.  I did most of the 
washing.     713
      *MC:  WELL IT IS, IT'S A LONG WAY.  YEAH.  WAS IT USUAL THEN FOR WIVES TO 
DO A  LITTLE BIT OF WORK?  YOU KNOW, LIKE MAYBE DO, IF THINGS WERE HARD, WOULD 
IT BE USUAL NOT  FOR JUST THE MAN TO LOOK FOR WORK BUT FOR ALSO THE WOMEN TO 
LOOK AROUND FOR SOMETHING  LIKE A BIT OF WASHING SHE COULD DO OR A BIT OF 
SEWING, THAT KIND OF THING?929
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+++ Searching document int.Mrs MD...
      MD:      Like [indistinct] for the WASHING and things like that? 1333
      MD:      So you - he used to watch his lassie going off to church on a 
Sunday  morning, so when he got the - enough courage to ask her could he see 
her, she stood  there with her hands on her hips and asked him what his 
intentions were. Got him into  trouble. But anyway, he said she suggested that 
if he, if he cared to come with her that  she could - he could come with her on 
the Sunday morning, so they get in time for  church, but she said I've got to 
hurry home to get on with dinner. She had left it  cooking, and when she was 
late WASHING it up, and that was her only time off till such 
time she left there.1509
      *MC:      OH, I HATE IT, I DON'T LIKE IT AT ALL, I'D RATHER BE THE ONE ON 
THE 
SEAT. NOW, DO YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU GOT YOUR FIRST WASHING MACHINE?    2344
      MD:      Oh, it was the same one, it shouldn't be hard. How long have we 
had the  WASHING machine? 2346
      C:      Haven't you had the round one that goes like that and then you 
push it all  through the wringer, you know, the wringer is attached to the 
WASHING machine and you  swi - you could swing it between your tubs and then you 
just pushed you clothes through  the wringer.     2362
      BD:      Well, I, I tell you now, the women don't know their own life - 
WASHING  machines that have wringer, they've driers, they've got everything. 
Well, all they have  to do is sit down and watch it.   2378
      MC:      IT HAS REALLY CHANGED, HASN'T IT, IT'S AMAZING WHAT A DIFFERENCE 
SOMETHING LIKE A WASHING MACHINE CAN MAKE.2380
      C:      So it this your - the first WASHING machine you had, you must have 
had  that for over twenty years now.   2382
      C:      You, you, yes, it was for some celebration coming up. That was 
coming up  and you decided you would get a WASHING machine.      2390
      MD:      That's different. But nobody gives you a WASHING machine as a 
gift,  you've got to buy it.2392
      BD:      We had the wringer on the WASHING machines 'cause they used to 
put pastry  through it.      2414
      MC:      HAVING A WASHING MACHINE?2428
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+++ Searching document int.Donaldson, Mr...

+++ Searching document int.Duncan, Dorothy...
     *MC:  DO YOU REMEMBER GETTING YOUR FIRST WASHING MACHINE?          412
     DD:  Yes I can because when we went up to our home in Ryehill Street I had 
a gas  copper.  No hot water on the tubs, just the gas copper.  No maybe I had 
hot water in one  tub.  I think we were pretty forward with that. Then I had a 
gas copper that you used to  have to boil up for your sheets and towels. Then my 
mother's aunt died, the one that had  been the cook down at Glenfelloch.  She 
left my aunt and my mother just a little bit of  money that she had in the sale 
of her house.  My mother bought me my first WASHING 
machine, an agitator one.          414
     MC:  RIGHT, OK.  HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DO YOU THINK THINGS LIKE WASHING 
MACHINES  MADE TO HOUSEWORK.420
     DD:  Oh they were marvellous.  Because when you didn't have the WASHING 
machine and  you had to boil up your copper and get them with a copper stick 
into your tubs Monday  just about was all day washing you know. And when you had 
babies with lots of naps and  that.  We lived on the hill facing south- west.  
It used to get very windy and I nearly  used to get blown away hanging out the 
naps and things.  So when I was expecting my  third child my husband bought a 
dryer for me.  That was a great help.   422
But you see girls can go to work nowadays because they don't, they just put 
their  WASHING in you know and it's nearly dry. They have all these different 
gadgets and  things.  It was quite a marathon when we did the baking.  We had to 
mix everything by  hand.  Not that we minded.  We loved our husbands.  They got 
back from the war and we  were able to get married. So many of them didn't come 
home.  We were thankful we had  them and then our babies came.  Well you didn't 
know any different anyway.  I mean  it  was just the thing you did.  Monday was 
wash day and that was it.       424
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+++ Searching document int.Fountain, Kathleen Vere...
      KF: We didn't wash on, on Sunday, we never had WASHING on the line on a 
Sunday.  But I was allowed to play cards on a Sunday, I had a friend who 
wasn't.1158
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+++ Searching document int.Miss DF. & Miss GB....
	GB:	She always had help, she, she had a lady do the WASHING and a lady 
do the  housework, and it worked out very well, and with the elder daughters, 
well, she managed  very, very well.  117
	MC:	DID THE LADIES WHO CAME IN TO DO THE WASHING AND HELP WITH THE 
HOUSEWORK LIVE IN  OR, OR WERE THEY JUST LOCAL PEOPLE?129
	DF:	I think she'd just done the WASHING and mother looked after the, the 
family and  done the cooking and things like that -1017
	GB:	Yes, of course if it was fine weather on Monday the ironing would 
always be done on  a Tuesday, but if it wasn't, the WASHING would hang out for a 
week sometimes, I suppose,  you know, there were no dryers then or things like 
that, but we used to have a huge  kitchen, and up above the kitchen - do you 
remember the?1031
	DF:	And remember the first WASHING machine we had, it was a wooden one -
1047 	DF:	Not turn it around, but just - and then they had the wringer, but, 
but it was an  old-fashioned WASHING machine. I, I don't suppose you'd get one 
about now.1055
	GB:	We got one of the first ones that came in with the other, a Beatty 
WASHING machine.  
1061
	MC:	SO YOU STILL HAD THE COPPER THAT YOU'D BEEN USING EVEN WHEN THE 
WASHING MACHINE WAS 
BOUGHT.          1099
	GB:	Oh, the lux was later than the WASHING machine, yes?1183
	GB:	The lux was later than the WASHING machine?      1187
	DF:	Oh, yes, the lux was later than the WASHING machine.1189
	MC:	WHICH MEANS THAT YOU WOULD HAVE GOT THE WASHING MACHINE SOMETIME IN 
THE 1910'S?       1203
	GB:	There were always a few children there that had drunken fathers and 
we were never  used to anything like that, and, oh, felt sort of sorry for them 
and, and we used to  live near the Salvation Army Home, and those girls were put 
in there, you know, and they  used to march them every Sunday down to church, 
way down to South Dunedin from  Caversham, march them home again, and of course, 
you know, they'd be looking at you and,  and it would - they'd get a quiet dig 
into you if they could, perhaps the supervisor  would be up the top, and we used 
to - of course, you know what children are like, and we  used to look at them 
and sort of think, you know, oh, I wouldn't want to be like you,  and yes, there 
was that difference there, most poor girls they put them - they had to 
work hard, scrub the floors and clean windows and WASHING -2129
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+++ Searching document int.Fraser, Pat...
     *MC:  NOW THIS IS, CAN YOU REMEMBER WHEN AFTER YOU GOT MARRIED YOU GOT YOUR 
FIRST  WASHING MACHINE FOR THE FAMILY?    699
     CF:  Well mostly the coppers we called them were inside.  We sort of 
modernised the  washhouse.  It was attached to the house and we modernised. We 
converted the coal copper  into a gas copper for a start.  Of course the WASHING 
machines were coming onto the  market in those days.  It was one of the reasons 
and to try to make it easier for the  wash lady, the wife.  You know with the 
three in a family.713
     MC:  RIGHT, OK.  HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DO YOU THINK THAT THINGS LIKE 
WASHING  MACHINES AND VACUUM CLEANERS MADE TO HOUSEWORK?        719
     CF:  I'm sure, yes.  It was just in that era when people were spending more 
time  say with radio and that made it possible.  You know with having the 
WASHING machines and  that sort of thing.729
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+++ Searching document int.Gilbert, Mary...

+++ Searching document int.Mrs MG...
     MG:  My grandmother I remember as a tall stately lady, a very good manager.  
I  think they must have worked very hard even in those days because she had a 
lot more  things than I had when I went down to the Clutha Valley. But on the 
other hand WASHING  day was a big day.  It was boil the clothes.  Even my mother 
who had a gas copper.          178
     *MC:  RIGHT.  TELL ME, DO YOU REMEMBER WHEN WASHING MACHINES FIRST BECAME 
COMMON?      311
     MG:  My mother to begin with had a gas copper.  That compared with my 
grandmother  who had I think a wood copper.  She had a gas copper which you just 
put the thing in and  it went away and the water boiled.  Of course the WASHING 
day was a day.  Mother's was  Thursday.  She didn't have Monday. Everyone else 
had Monday but mother had Thursday.   Washing day was their day.  Nothing else 
in the morning stood in its way.  Sheets were  all boiled.  They were not 
polyester cotton, they were real cotton white sheets and they  were boiled, they 
were rinsed and they were blued.  And the tablecloth was starched.        317
      When I was old enough sometimes I used to come home and do the ironing and 
the  blasted starched tablecloth and serviettes had to be damped. When we were 
still at home  and mother was doing this we sometimes used to get on the hand 
wringer.  But then later  I do remember my mother having one of those Whiteway 
ones.  They still are about.  I  don't know what year it would be but there was 
always a great business that all the  buttons had to be folded in otherwise they 
got popped off with the electric wringer.   And you had to be careful you didn't 
put your fingers in.  We weren't allowed to work it  until we were old enough.  
That's about all.  I didn't have to do the WASHING.318
     MC:  SO WHEN THAT ELECTRIC WASHING MACHINE WAS IN THE HOUSE YOU WERE STILL 
QUITE  YOUNG, WEREN'T YOU?324
     MC:  HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DID THINGS LIKE ELECTRIC WASHING MACHINES 
MAKE TO  HOUSEWORK?        344
     MC:  WHAT DO YOU THINK MADE THE BIGGEST DIFFERENCE TO HOUSEWORK?  WAS IT 
THINGS  LIKE WASHING MACHINES OR WAS IT HAVING RUNNING HOT WATER IN THE BATHROOM 
AND KITCHEN?   WAS IT HAVING VACUUM CLEANERS OR WAS THERE ANY ONE THING THAT WAS 
REALLY SIGNIFICANT?       348
     MG:  I think WASHING machines.  Washing day you know they really didn't get 
it out  much before midday by the time they'd done all that.  My mother started 
straight after  breakfast.  Then you had to wait for it to dry. Well, Dunedin's 
pretty cold at times and  we didn't have dryers.  Brought in, aired.350
      No, it was a full day on WASHING day and as I say it would have been much 
harder  for my grandmother than my mother and now I think that I could really go 
down town and  leave it on.  It's not all that long and I'm getting dressed or 
something while it's on.   I still hang my clothes out although I've got a 
drier.  I suppose I'm a bit  old-fashioned but I like it out in the sunshine and 
I've got the room and the air's  clean.351
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+++ Searching document int.Mrs RG...
     *MC:     NOW, AFTER YOU GOT MARRIED, WHEN DID YOU GET YOUR FIRST WASHING 
MACHINE,  OR HAVE I ASKED YOU THAT ALREADY? 1138
     RG:     I had a WASHING - a hand washing machine, eh, about three years 
before  that, eh, we were up at Athol, and we had no electricity, but we had a 
good old thing  and you worked - it was a hand - and backwards and forwards like 
that, and, and someone  came in with - to the valley with these washing machines 
for sale, and you know, one  farmer bought one and well, the fool next door - 
farmer had to buy one for his wife too.  I don't know that they were so terribly 
dear at that time.1144
     RG:     But that was the first WASHING machine I had.1148
     MC:     RIGHT. AND THEN ONCE YOU GOT ELECTRICITY, DID YOU GET AN ELECTRIC 
WASHING  MACHINE?         1150
     MC:     RIGHT. OK. HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DID THINGS LIKE WASHING 
MACHINES MAKE  TO HOUSEWORK?    1158
     But no, it's - the WASHING machine made all the difference in the world, 
because  before you had to light a copper and boil up the water and that sort of 
thing, and that  was the thing, you boiled your sheets and your towels and that 
sort of thing, cause we  don't do that today and ... eh ... evidently it wasn't 
necessary, cause I don't think  our health is any worse for it. Perhaps it is, 
perhaps that's why there's so much cancer  and we don't put it down to that, I 
don't know. But they reckon, you know, you boiled  your clothes to kill the 
germs on them, the sheets and the pillow slips and the towels 
and anything like that.           1166
     Yes - and then had to put them through a wringer, lot of hard work, because 
once  the WASHING machine came - well, you did have a wringer on the first 
washing machines  that came, they had wringers on them. Mine didn't because 
mine, my - mine had had a -  mine was a Bendix, now I think that must have been 
in the early 1950's, because my  husband had been for a trip to Australia, and 
they - friends he stayed with in  Melbourne, they were very up and with-it 
people, and they had a Bendix washing machine  so that nothing would do him, but 
he had to buy his wife a Bendix washing machine, and I  think one of the 
funniest episodes was, oh yes, he was going to do the washing all right  and 
that sort of thing, and he came - I had the machine going and that, and he came 
in  with something, you know, soiled, and he put, put it in, he just opened it, 
opened the  door, and of course the water and the clothes went right across the, 
the floor, made a  great old mess of it, he didn't do that twice. You can just 
imagine what it would be 
like.1168
     *MC:     OH DEAR, OH DEAR, THERE'S NOTHING WORSE THAN THE BEGINNING OF A 
COLD. NOW,  YOUR MOTHER HAD AN ELECTRIC RANGE. DID SHE HAVE A WASHING MACHINE AS 
WELL?1302
     RG:     No, well the electric ranges came well ahead of the WASHING 
machines, I  don't think there were any washing - not a - not around, because I 
know my, my father  was quite keen on having up-to-date things, he was sort of 
with it in these things, and  I think if there had been a, a washing machine, 
where would have been a washing machine  - we didn't even have a gramophone, but 
when he left Ross & Glendinning's they presented  them with a washing machine as 
a parting gift.        1308
     RG:     Not a par - WASHING machine, a gramophone -1312
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+++ Searching document int.Grigg, Russell...

+++ Searching document int.Grimmett, Bert...

+++ Searching document int.Grimmett, Bert (2)...

+++ Searching document int.Mrs MH...
     MH:  My mother was an invalid for many years and I used to go up and do her 
WASHING  once a week.  They lived in those days they lived in a house in 
Melbourne Street.  It  was a rented house.  No wait a minute now. I'm getting 
mixed up,  It was me that rented  the house in Melbourne Street.  I rented it 
for a start and then they decided to sell it  so I said I would pay it off and 
buy it you know.      209      MH:  Oh yes, oh yes.  He was alive for many 
years.  But he was a great gardener.   He had a lovely garden in Goodall Street.  
As I say, I looked after Mum and used to go 
up there and do the WASHING.       225
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+++ Searching document int.Hall, Frederick...
FH:There was nobody fixed. If we wanted somebody to do the WASHING we'd have 
somebody to  come in and do the washing ...     128 HB:DID YOUR FATHER EVER HELP 
AROUND THE HOUSE? LIKE WASHING THE KIDS OR ..?133
FH:Oh God no, there was none of that. Oh Lord no. In fact I don't think I ever 
did very  much of that myself. In fact I remember WASHING the .. for Helen at 
one time and made  such a hell of a good job of that she got a sore behind or 
something ...135 FH:Oh no. I can't remember that. I think the boys would choose 
themselves ... when  you've been brought up a certain way that is the way you 
go. .. like .. pinching  someone's apple or something like that. That was quite 
a common thing but ... it wasn't  a petty feeling like you see today. .. these 
kids near .. they would just con people.  That's the way I look at the kids .. 
mind you when I do say that ... mind you, you've  got to remember that human 
nature has always been human nature. Like girls have always  been girls and 
girls are very much more cunning than boys and they are more interested  in boys 
than what the boys are interested in girls and I think that goes on right  
through life. When they got married in the early days a woman had to be 
protected  because there wasn't the freedom for women in those days what there 
is today and the  consequence was that if families broke up that it was a very 
very hard thing and you  have to remember too there was no social security of 
any value and I can remember very  well ... the government bought in social 
security ... a lot of families ..had a sister  crook or brother crook or a child 
or something like that and the mother and father crook  and the family would all 
have to contribute towards their upkeep. That doesn't exist  today ... there was 
a lot of things .. and unfortunately ...and I said to Walter 'we're  really 
sorry you got pushed out...' Oh well its like this George you know ...spanner in  
the works ...start that way. Works out that way. And I remember going home for 
morning  tea with Freddie Jones, he was Minister of Defence at the time. We had 
morning tea up in  the ministerial chambers, had the wife and his brother-in-law 
was with him ... can't  remember ... yes it would be ... because Freddie had 
just won ...experience of a  lifetime. You follow what I mean. You could tell me 
stories about the way you were. Mine  was totally different. That's how the 
whole world goes on and big mistakes in modern  times ... fact that science, its 
like one fellow said in 1700 and something .. but he  said 'science will kill 
mankind' and he is perfectly right you know. H.G. Wells wrote a  book on things 
to come and which they made a picture of and he found that the people  were 
destroying what they had to go back to what they had before. I remember my 
sister  saying, she used to listen to the ZB wireless and the women would say 
they'd like to go  back to the WASHING board days, you see when the moment you 
can buy something in the  shop that takes the stain out of that thing and you 
spend ten bob or more for that sort  of thing and it has taken the stain out and 
there's a hell of a lot more fun trying to  get the stain out than getting that 
stuff in the shop and that is the difference and  that is what they are 
suffering from today. It's because they are not creative and when  the mind is 
not creative then they don't get creative, like the mind is no use to them  and 
its only by being creative that you can make ... something out of your own mind. 
...  things change so quickly and they have to change with the times because 
manufacturers  push this down their neck and another thing what we've got to 
remember and life is the  same ... people still die. I don't see them living any 
longer .. apart from those who  have those diseases ..some of the things they 
haven't conquered today and never will no  doubt but you still .. you see I was 
looking through an English paper and I had a lot of  deaths and I found the 
people died in England between 60 and 70, the bulk of them and  they died 
between 70 and 80 ... when you pick up your paper look how many .. .. and she  
worries ..you see they still die and what you've got to remember, people have 
said to  me, you notice I don't carry a watch. I never worry about the time .. 
the time I'm  always within about a quarter of an hour off.That's all you need. 
Well you see I didn't  think it was any .. it is only a matter of ... As I've 
said we never got up very early  ...alarm to get us out of bed .. when my father 
worked he worked 6 o'clock in the  morning until 6 o'clock at night .. I think 
if I remember rightly he was one of those  who ... only had eight hours ... 
Green Island .. responsible for the half day on a  Saturday because ... they had 
a cricket team and played cricket. You see what I mean  like, they had their own 
cricket ... I don't know in this sort of conversation that you  have, how far 
back you know .. you talk about things that you, like the way that people  
lived, you see you can't compare it because the simple reason you didn't have a 
motor  car. Like when I went out to Mosgiel and they were pulling the engine 
down at Mosgiel  and we were living in Dunedin the Morgies? lived in the street 
in Dunedin and they had a  horse and trap and that's a .. home .. and George was 
there he's packing up and put him  on the horse and trap and we'd get to jog out 
to Mosgiel, like was so easy, you know,  going through there was a pass and ... 
and .. jolly good I reckon it was very very good  and I said to my daughter 'we 
are in the wrong .. we are in the wrong .. we should have  a horse' because you 
see nothing in the motor car ..   217
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+++ Searching document int.Harris, Bill & Frances...
      WH:  So that they had a pretty tough life and conditions.  You know there 
was no  such things as WASHING machines or anything like that.1892
      *MC:  NOW, DO YOU REMEMBER GETTING YOUR FIRST WASHING MACHINE?  HAVE I 
ASKED YOU  THIS ALREADY?    2458
      FH:  I didn't have a WASHING machine till I -   2470       
FH:  - Loyalty Street I had a gas copper which I quite enjoyed really because it  
was clean and very easy, and then we moved to Sidey Street.  That's when I got 
my first  WASHING machine. 2482
      FH:  Definitely because when I got the WASHING machine I realised how much 
hard  work and uhm, when I was a child we had a lady lived just round the corner 
from us and  she was 80 years of age and she used to take in washing and ah, 
charge (I think it was  about five shillings or -) to do your washing and the 
ironing.  She only had an outside  copper and she was 80 years of age.2486
      MC:  RIGHT.  DID WOMEN DO THE SAME KIND OF WORK IN CAVERSHAM?  WERE THERE 
WOMEN  WHO TOOK IN OTHER PEOPLE'S WASHING?2496
      FH:  But it was close.  She used to come and wash our place and do the 
WASHING.      2502       MC:  HOW LONG DID IT TAKE TO DO THE WASHING 
NORMALLY?2508
      FH:  The WASHING board...   2540
      FH:  But it wasn't, you didn't put it in if you wanted it for uhm ordinary  
dishWASHING, you didn't put in any perfuhme or whatever in.2768
      WH:  It was mostly for WASHING clothes.         2774
      WH:  Well in most cases, Dad would just leave it to Muhm. [MC: RIGHT.] 
Always, ah,  which in those days you usually the, the man was always the 
dominant one, he made the  decisions but in dad's case he was quite happy to 
leave everything to muhm.  Didn't  matter what it was, it was to get a carpet or 
you know whatever was required in the  house.  [MC: MMM, MMM.] 'Cause I remember 
when she, muhm got her first Beatty WASHING  machine, would be around about 
1930, ah, [MC: RIGHT.] It got to a stage you know when  you had the old board 
and you had to scrub and heat up the copper and it would be about  1930 when she 
got the first washing machine.          3473
      MC:  WHAT KIND OF WASHING MACHINE WAS IT?       3475
      FH:  No, he was only a little boy [MC: RIGHT.] and and the ah men, the 
boarders  there, they used to ah, spoil him, you know, really because - [WH: 
Those boarders worked  at Hillside.] yes, and she was a very good woman, you 
never, she was cooking all the  time and WASHING and so forth with having the 
boarders. [WH: Yes, that was the two  storeyed place] Yes, and of course the men 
just thought Sid was, you know they just  loved him because they just more or 
less spoilt him in one way [MC: MMM, MMM.] not over  spoilt him but sort of were 
a bit protective of him [MC: MMM, MM.] at times.4033
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+++ Searching document int.Harrison, Ellen...
     EH:  No, no.  She had help in the house right up until 1945, at the end of 
the war,  VE Day, that was 1945 wasn't it, 1945.  I gave the last maid the sack, 
she was a cheeky  little monkey and that was the end of that.  My mother didn't 
bother getting anyone else  after that.  No, she had girls.  She always kept her 
girls a long time.  You know, seven  or eight years sometimes.  Two of them got 
married from our place.  No, she was good.   And of course we had a washer woman 
too.  She used to come on Monday morning and do all  the WASHING and the 
gardener used to come on Saturday and although dad had been a very  good golfer 
until he, had been a very good gardener until he discovered golf.463
     *MC:  NOW, DO YOU REMEMBER WHEN THE FAMILY GOT THEIR FIRST WASHING 
MACHINE?489
     EH:  Yes I can because I was working for my father at the time and um our 
van  driver was a married man with five children and I always remember he got a 
WASHING  machine, and I couldn't believe that he'd have a washing machine before 
my mother had  got a washing machine and this would be about 1936, 37, so I told 
my father - oh he  said, we'll have to have a washing machine and the washing 
machine was called a Savage  and it came from Canada and it was a big copper, 
big copper about the size of a table.      491      EH:  It had a cradle inside 
that was, a metal cradle that was full of holes and you  put the WASHING into 
the cradle and it had a lid on it and you put the hot water into  the bottom of 
this copper thing, copper container and grated soap and then you tipped  this 
centre piece on its side and turned on the power so the centre piece turned 
round  like this, like a wheel and the clothes flopped into the soapy water like 
this, and  after you thought they were clean, you stopped the machine and put 
the cradle on the  (MC: BACK ON ITS BASE) back on the flat, and then turned the 
power on again, sorted the  clothes out evenly, turned on the power on again, 
and that spun all the water out and  then you put the clothes into one of the 
tubs you see, and did the next lot of washing.   But if you got the clothes 
unevenly balanced, the jolly machine would chase you round  the laundry.  You 
had to be pretty quick on your feet and then, mother had that machine  for a 
long time.
  495      MC:  HOW EXTRAORDINARY.  NOW, DO YOU THINK THINGS LIKE WASHING 
MACHINES REALLY  CHANGED HOUSEWORK?503
     EH:  Oh yes, oh yes because when I was first married in 1940, I didn't have  
anything like that, although they were available and most people just had a 
copper and  you boiled your clothes and you had a copper stick that lifted the 
hot, boiling hot  clothes, how more people weren't scalded, I don't know, but 
you lifted the boiling  clothes out into a tub and then you had to use a hand 
wringer to get them from that  first tub into the second tub and then um you 
know wring them, ready to go on the line.   So, it was a time consuming job and 
of course at the beginning of the war, we had to  make our own soap and type of 
thing in the copper.  The old copper we used for all sorts  of things.  (MC: 
MMM, MMM)  Oh yes, it was, once they became reasonably priced you know,  they 
were great.  And some of the old fashioned machines that I've came across now, 
this  old holiday house that we had at Naseby, a friend of mine had a cottage 
there, and she  had one of the early Beatee machines and it was electric and um 
it had a cradle thing in  it too, that sat on the bottom of the, sat on bottom 
when you put the clothes into be  washed and then it had a lever on the side and 
when the clothes were washed you put your  foot on the lever and lifted this 
basket thing up so that the clothes could drain before  you put them through the 
wringer.  And I thought that was a great idea.  And you know  there were a lot 
of interesting things, but I just had, the first WASHING machines I had  was 
just an ordinary one, just with the wringer on top.505
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+++ Searching document int.Horder, Vera May...
VH	Yes, he used to make his own ice cream too. The very first ice cream he 
used to. I  remember a gas ring at the back of the shop, that's where we ripened 
bananas and he had  a wooden bucket and he used to make a big pot of ice cream a 
bog pot of custard egg  custard and then he'd put it in a metal cylinder which 
had a thing like a WASHING  machine you know and this was called a churn and 
that went into this churn and then you  scooped that into a wooden bucket and 
packed ice lumps of ice all round that then  switched that on ... he made a 
fresh lot of ice cream each day.         163
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+++ Searching document int.Ingram, C.W.N....

+++ Searching document int.Isaac, Bill & Alice...
      BI:  Oh it was, tough job.  I spent an extra year at Otago Boys in order 
to get a  higher leaving so I'd get free University but although I got the 
higher leaving alright,  University fees -you only got half, so that was tough 
again, so it looked as though I  wasn't going to go to University because I had 
to have money, no jobs anywhere and dad  was gonna be put off in the off season 
and it was a tough job and of course mum was  crook too just then.  She had 
rheumatoid arthritis and  (MC: GOOD HEAVENS) I used to do  the WASHING.  (AI:  
he was experienced) I'd rather not talk.188
      *MC:  YES, OF COURSE.  NOW, CAN YOU REMEMBER WHEN THE FAMILY GOT ITS FIRST 
WASHING  MACHINE?         1091
      AI:  Aah.  Dad sold WASHING machines once and they were hand pumped 
weren't they?   (BI:  yes, they were hand pumped, yes...) but when I had my 
first washing machine,  course lots of people had them long before me because we 
had one in that flat in  Wellington, many years ago, when was that, was that 
1940 something, just in the 1940s  and they had a washing machine but we never 
had a washing machine until 1950, we'd come  here hadn't here (...yes, that's 
right...) about 1958 (...1952 we came here, 53 we  transferred to Dunedin, 52 
wasn't it) but we didn't have a washing machine for quite a  time. (MC: RIGHT) I 
used to boil up the copper.       1093
      AI:  Yes, that's what I've noticed to lately.  Couldn't manage boiling up 
the  copper now, because Bill used to set the fire for me and I'd light the 
fire. Remember  when we were in Hamilton that time and I used to light the fire 
and boil up the copper  every Monday (BI: yes that's right) and there was the 
WASHING and the handwringing you  know, you had to handwring, I had an Acme 
wringer, it was quite good but you know, it  was hard work.   1101
      MC:  I CAN IMAGINE.  WASHING THEM MUST HAVE BEEN QUITE A PERFORMANCE 
TOO.1141
      MC:  TELL ME, DO YOU THINK THAT IT WAS WASHING MACHINES THAT MADE THE 
BIGGEST  DIFFERENCE TO HOUSEWORK OR WAS IT SOMETHING ELSE?     1149
      AI:  Well the WASHING machines and the electric cleaners too I suppose 
(MC: THE  VACUUM CLEANERS) Yes, I would think so.  I think they made a 
difference too because you  can, you can really clean the carpets and so forth, 
which you couldn't do without them  really.   
       1151
      BI:  Ah, the kitchen that went to the scullery, was in the corner of the 
kitchen  (MC: RIGHT) and our WASHING things and our soap was there, the wash 
house was just  outside the back door and it was a separate room and the bath 
was in the with the  bathroom.        1263
      BI:  Bringing in the coal, one thing, ah, cleaning the knives on the knife 
board  (AI: he still feels that), weekly job, that was the two main ones.  
Helped out with the  dishes, I couldn't get out them and later on when I was 
secondary school and mum was  crook, I actually had to do the WASHING.  Remember 
I used to do the washing?1501
      AI:  Yes, I can remember when you did the WASHING.1503
      BI:  Did the WASHING on the weekends.  (MC: RIGHT, RIGHT)  But my sisters 
did the  ironing.         1505
      MC:  RIGHT.  YOU MUST HAVE BEEN PLEASED WHEN YOU SAW ELECTRIC WASHING 
MACHINES  THEN?1507
      AI:  He couldn't get his head above the WASHING.1515
      MC:  WAS THAT SOMETHING THAT BOYS NORMALLY HELPED OUT WITH, THE 
WASHING?1517
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+++ Searching document int.Jeffries, Margaret...
      MJ:      And never ever grizzled about it. And helped around the house. 
Mum - we  used to go and leave our, our WASHING out on the floor, mum had a ... 
eh, washing  machine, had the copper, and she would do our washing, while I 
would always do the  ironing.          271
      MC:      NOW, ONCE YOU WERE MARRIED, DO YOU REMEMBER GETTING YOUR FIRST 
WASHING  MACHINE?         1011
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+++ Searching document int.Mrs HJ...
HJ: No, there was never - there was no WASHING done on a Sunday, we wouldn't 
wash on  Sunday. Didn't believe in gardening, just believed in keeping the 
Sunday for - well, it  wasn't exactly a day of rest for us with all our 
meetings, but that's what it was, a day  of worship. No, we were brought up very 
strictly, and I still am.       888
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+++ Searching document int.Jones, Joyce...    
   *MC:  RIGHT, OK.  WHEN YOU GOT MARRIED AND STARTED HAVING CHILDREN, DID YOU 
HAVE  THINGS LIKE A WASHING MACHINE?    1205
      JJ:  The youngest, when I was in Milton home with the youngest boy. 
There's ten  years between the first and the last.  I was in the home in Milton 
with the youngest one  and my husband had taken the time off work.  It was a 
full fortnight in the home with a  baby then.  He'd taken the time off work to 
mind the other three.  There was one still  at home, he was three.  The other 
two were at school.  He'd gone to town with the  three-year-old boy and picked 
out a refrigerator.  That was to be a surprise for me when  I got home.  He said 
when I got out of the home, 'this is the last time I am going to  wash.'  There 
were three years between the last one and the one before and it was out of  
napkins.  I thought it was the last time I was going to wash napkins.  I'm going 
to have  a WASHING machine.  So I got a washing machine and a fridge and my 
husband had a car.  I  thought I was made.  A good old Wideway, a beautiful big 
one.          1211
      JJ:  But I didn't mind the WASHING.  It was a lovely warm place. You'd 
heat up the  copper and it was lovely on washing day.1223
      JJ:  Yes.  But then I liked to see all the WASHING on the line too. Get a 
nice  blow, big straight lines.  Plenty of room for your lines.  The lines all 
full I thought  was lovely.      1227
      JJ:  Well Mum never ever had a WASHING machine.  Never.          1235
      MC:  DO YOU THINK IT WAS THE WASHING MACHINE THAT MADE THE BIGGEST 
DIFFERENCE OR  HAVING SOMETHING LIKE HOT WATER IN HOUSES?1241
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+++ Searching document int.Jory, Rita & Wellman, Louise...
      LW:  Yes.  Not that he needed much.  He did his own WASHING and all sorts 
of  things.  He was very particular.  But no he turned - he got set on people 
and all sorts  of things like that.  He'd think people were robbing him.  When 
Mum died he just went  completely, didn't he?  We had to get him put up to 
Cherry Farm. Nobody could have  looked after him.  I had my daughter to think 
of.      557
      *MC:  AFTER YOU GOT MARRIED, DO YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU GOT YOUR FIRST 
WASHING  MACHINE?         1021
      RJ:  Yes.  When was it?  Well when we went to Timaru we had a WASHING 
machine.       1023
      RJ:  A WASHING machine.     1027
      LW:  I had a WASHING machine when I came up from Owaka.          1029
      RJ:  You had a copper and you had to light it and boil up all the clothes 
that you  put in.  But it was later on before there were WASHING machines.       
1031       RJ:  I remember when I was at Abbotsford, that was not a great while 
after I was  married, I had a gas copper.  There were no WASHING machines then.  
Stoking up the  copper and everything.1043       MC:  HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE 
DID THINGS LIKE WASHING MACHINES MAKE TO HOUSEWORK?    1051       RJ:  I think 
they made quite a difference because you could put on your WASHING  machine and 
carry on with your other work.  You'd go out and hang it on the line.  Of  
course when the first washing machine I think I had did spin it, did it?  They 
spin now.   So they were pretty wet when they came out for a start.  It had a 
wringer.  You'd put it  through the wringer so it wasn't too wet. You'd take 
them out and hang them on the line.   Now of course you have a dryer for that. A 
day like today we put the washing out but on  a wet day or in the winter time of 
course we use the dryer.1053
      RJ:  Yes, well before we had a WASHING machine I was living in the 
country. No  cake shops.  You had to do your own baking.  I know I used to make 
biscuits. I'd make  about seventy at a time.  Preserve your own fruit and do all 
that. Making jam, that took  a fair time.  My husband would help me with that 
kind of thing.  But you had to really  do much more in the country than you do 
in the town.  1057
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+++ Searching document int.Miss CJ...
      *MC:  RIGHT, OK, THANK YOU.  DO YOU REMEMBER THE FAMILY GETTING THEIR 
FIRST  WASHING MACHINE?  651
      CJ:  Ah, when did we get our first WASHING machine.  Oh, that would be 
after my  father died, that would be about 1950s.653
      CJ:  I can't be to sure about that.  Always remember the old copper and 
all the  rubbish etc that was burnt in it to boil up the clothes, and of course 
mother thought  that clothes could never be washed any other way, unless they 
were properly boiled.  WASHING machines didn't wash clothes properly.  So it was 
a long time before we got one.  
657
      MC:  NOW THERE WAS AN INITIAL RANGE OF WASHING MACHINES THAT ACTUALLY HAD 
A  HEATING ELEMENT IN THEM, WASN'T THERE?  NO?659
      MC:  HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DO YOU THINK THAT THINGS LIKE WASHING 
MACHINES MADE 
TO HOUSEWORK?     667
      CJ:  Oh tremendous.  You think of the old scrubbing board that we had and 
all the  rubbing and scrubbing that was done with towels and clothes.  It must 
have been hard on  the clothes.  They say that WASHING machines are hard on the 
clothes but I don't think  they would be any harder than the rubbing and 
scrubbing and the energy that what was put  into washing in those days.  And I 
can remember when the blankets were washed, getting  into the tub and stamping 
them.  That was quite fun, I enjoyed that.  That's going back  a few years too.  
669
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+++ Searching document int.Kennedy, James Ronayne...
RK: Yes, they were good days. They were happy days. And as I said, we got on 
very, very  well with our neighbours. As far as I remember we did. Might have 
called on another  nasty names later on for something that happens. But in those 
days everybody helped  everybody else. Uhm. Particularly as I say, my younger 
days in Royal Crescent, if Mrs  Brown was sick, or if Mrs Smith was having a 
baby or something like that, all the  neighbours went and looked after the 
children. Made sure that the children were fed and  the WASHING done and all 
that sort of thing. And everybody looked after everybody else,  whereas today if 
your neighbour dropped dead in your doorstep, you'd probably step  over him on 
the way out.           354
RK: No, that's the thing now that I've often wondered myself. I can't remember. 
On odd  occasions I think he might have done the dishes. But no, I don't     . . 
.   I wouldn't  like to say he didn't. But I can barely remember. He was mainly, 
his weekends was spent,  Saturday was spent cutting lawns, digging gardens,, 
looking after the garden, sawing  wood, bringing in the wood and coal. Uh, 
whereas my mother's position was inside, you  know. Here. Stuck inside doing the 
WASHING, doing the dishes. It's a role that  unfortunately hasn't changed very 
much, I find. And it's terrible --- and there's a  terrible lot of men I find, 
particularly now, in the last years since I retired, going  round having people 
like these ladies at the back of me, and being able to give them a  hand, doing 
little odd jobs. It's amazing the number of men who are hopeless when it  comes 
to putting an electric light bulb in. If something fused . . . couldn't repair 
it.    742
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+++ Searching document int.Kenny, Frances...
      *MC:      RIGHT. RIGHT. OK. DO YOU REMEMBER GETTING YOUR FIRST WASHING 
MACHINE?       851
      FK:      Yes, I do. It was a second-hand one ... and it - we didn't know, 
it  should have been concreted down to the floor and every time we put it on it 
just  followed you out of the wash-house, so it didn't last very long, but I 
never ever wanted  a WASHING machine because I had a cop - a gas copper.  853       
FK:      So I didn't - I think, oh, I don't know how, how ... I think I had 
three  children by the time I got a WASHING machine. It was a thing I had never 
ever thought  about.861
      FK:      Oh well, I suppose somebody said, oh, you haven't got a WASHING 
machine? 
How do you get on without a washing machine? So I thought maybe I should get a 
washing  machine, but this thing that jumped and followed -     865
      FK:      No, I don't  - no, it didn't. I [indistinct] thought the copper 
was  better than the WASHING machine. It was different if you had to stoke up a 
fire  underneath or something like that, but, you know.      885
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*MC:      MMM, MMM. OK. WHEN YOU GOT MARRIED, CAN YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU GOT YOUR  
FIRST WASHING MACHINE?852
      MC:      FIRST WASHING MACHINE?856
      MC:      RIGHT. OK. HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DO YOU THINK THINGS LIKE 
WASHING  MACHINES MADE TO HOUSEWORK?        880
      But there was one aspect of it, is how a family unit is concerned, is that 
we all  had - when that we were small and washday was such a thing as it is, you 
know, the -  WASHING, when we were very small everybody had jobs to do, like, I 
mean, my brother  turned up, when he was old enough, he had the chopping wood, 
and he had to help Andy  with chopping wood, and the re - everybody had 
something to do, it was a family thing,  but with the coming of the various 
things as the washing machine etc. etc. etc., those,  and we noticed it when we 
got married actually, later on with the children, you see, you  had to think of 
ways into which the children could feel involved in the home in the way 
what we were.     884
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+++ Searching document int.Kroon, Sam...

+++ Searching document int.Lumb, Janet Stewart...
      MC:      DO YOU REMEMBER GETTING YOUR FIRST WASHING MACHINE?      520
      JL:      Yes, after many, many years, my husband kept saying to me, 'Why 
don't you  have a WASHING machine?', 'No, I don't want a washing machine', I 
liked the clothes  boiled, you know, and they get all the stains out, but 
eventually, oh, it must have been  many years after we were married that I had a 
first washing machine, yes.522
      MC:      HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DID IT MAKE TO HOUSEWORK HAVING THINGS 
LIKE A  WASHING MACHINE?  524
      JL:      Oh well, it, it made a big difference really, because when I had 
the  boiler, you see, you had to put it through the wringer, you know, and all 
that and ...  rinsing from, you know, into cold water and all that kind of 
thing, it was all that done  away with with a WASHING machine.  526
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+++ Searching document int.Maher, Hilda...
HM:      That's all right.  And um, prepare the meals and um, chop some wood, 
and do all  kinds of things like that.  It was just um, they had a small farm 
the people and the  woman worked outside and I was to do all the inside work. 
WASHING and ironing.  And  washing of course in those days took hours because it 
was, um, no machines.107 HM:      Oh yes, and the conditions were better too.  
They were very, very nice. I just  really worked in the back, WASHING up and all 
that kind of thing, doing the messages, 
yes ...           131
*MC:      DO YOU REMEMBER GETTING YOUR FIRST WASHING MACHINE ONCE YOU WERE 
MARRIED?        1121
HM:      It was after I ... I had um, Robyn, I had ... and then I ended up 
having an  operation.  My husband was going the WASHING while I was in the 
hospital, when I came  out he had a washing machine (laughs).  And so that would 
be, um ...   1127 HM:      Four.  Robyn was my baby, mmm.  But she was about two 
when I had the operation.   And um he'd been doing the WASHING, with Aunty Elsie 
(laughs), and um, so then we  [indistinct], the washing machine arrived and it 
was, it was one of the old wringer  types (grandfather clock strikes twelve in 
the background), it was a God send (laughs).    1131
MC:      OK.  HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DID THINGS LIKE WASHING MACHINES MAKE TO 
HOUSE  WORK?1149
HM:      Oh, a tremendous difference, because you spent hours and the WASHING 
was a slow  and laborious job, yes, it made a bit difference.     1151 HM:      
No, well I never had any, but I have heard of people being burnt by scalding  
water and the copper but we used to have to boil the clothes it wasn't a case of 
heating  them it was a case of boiling them.  I deal say they would be much ... 
more hygenic than  they are now (laughs).  But I'd tell you what there was no, 
ah, no, ah, no young wives  with neurosis in those days you never had time, you 
know, it's a fact, you had floors to  scrub or if you had lino, or were lucky to 
have lino, you had to polish them, and you  had those hours to spend at the 
WASHING machine and the ironing and everybody baked and  you know, and then when 
you went out for our messages you had to walk and walk back  again, so your time 
was occupied.  Where as now you have so much more time, young people  at home 
have a lot more time now, don't they?  So we didn't have any ... no time to have 
a nervous breakdown (laughs).     1155
MC:      SO UNTIL YOU STARTED GETTING EQUIPMENT LIKE THE WASHING MACHINE, WAS 
HOUSE WORK  PRETTY MUCH THE WAY IT HAD BEEN FOR YOUR MOTHER?      1173
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+++ Searching document int.Marlow, Kevin...

+++ Searching document int.Mr LM...

+++ Searching document int.Maskell part 1...

+++ Searching document int.Maskell part 2...

+++ Searching document int.McCracken, Ken and Velda...
      *MC:      NOW ... CAN YOU REMEMBER WHEN THE FAMILY GOT THEIR FIRST WASHING  
MACHINE?         1946
      VM:      Mmm-mmm, I can because that - well, it must have been while I was 
away  because when I went overseas mother just had a, a copper, you know, that, 
that clothes  were boiled in and a wringer, and when I came home, uhm, she had a 
Whitewave WASHING  machine that sort of stirred it and a wringer on it.  1948       
GM:      And then I remember your mother bought a WASHING machine, and I think 
she  arranged that we have one too.    1958
      *MC:      RIGHT. RIGHT. HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DO YOU THINK THINGS LIKE 
WASHING  MACHINES MADE TO THE WORKLOAD THAT WOMEN HAD IN THE HOUSE?1974
      GM:      People didn't wash as often, I don't think. I mean they did their 
sheets  once a week, and they didn't wash as much, I'm quite sure, they wore 
clothes that didn't  perhaps need WASHING as much.     1990
      GM:      But once we had children, I, I needed a WASHING machine.1996
      MC:      I'M FASCINATED BY THE NUMBER OF PEOPLE WHO WHEN I ASK THAT 
QUESTION IT  TURNS UP THAT THEY GOT A WASHING MACHINE, UHM, TWO YEARS AFTER THE 
LAST CHILD WAS BORN,  AND THINGS LIKE THAT, AND I THINK, 'OH, NO'.          1998
      MC:      WERE THERE OTHER APPLIANCES BESIDES WASHING MACHINES THAT MADE A 
REAL BIG  DIFFERENCE TO HOUSEWORK?          2002
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+++ Searching document int.McKeich, Ken...

+++ Searching document int.Melville, Colin...
CM: Oh gosh! Did you hear that? She hit me on the head one day and I said yes I 
will.  [laughter] She came to Dunedin in 1931 ah from McNab near Gore and she 
ah, lived in Kew,  just above where we lived in Easther Crescent and ah, she 
came to Bible Class and Sunday  School at the church and ah, I think the first 
time I recollect seeing her was when she  ah, I was a Sunday School teacher and 
her youngest brother, younger brother was in my  Sunday School class and I said 
to the children that I was going to go home after Sunday  School and see their 
parents, just to show them who I was sort of style and ah, her  younger brother 
took me home to her place and much to the embarrassment of the family  because 
they were ah, WASHING their clothes and of course the boy as was fairly natural,  
took me in through the back door, didn't he, and here they are on a Sunday 
afternoon,  which was very naughty, washing their clothes. I think, well, I knew 
her there from then  really on but we were in the church choir and she went to 
Bible class and so forth.         277 MC: CAN YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU FAMILY FIRST 
GOT A WASHING MACHINE? WAS IT AFTER YOU'D  LEFT HOME OR?     731
GM: I remember buying Marie a WASHING machine with someone else's money because 
our  elder brother was a bit of a character and he lived in Wellington, and he 
had,733 GM: ....we had belonged to the Governor General so it was well known but 
he had bought  it and decided to sell it to a rich farmer in Hawkes Bay but it 
didn't work out that way  so when I was in Wellington I said I'll take it down 
South and sell it for you. So we  sold it for say, £2000 to A G Neil, who was a 
QC here and I had this hot money in my  hand so I told I was, I'm sending you 
the money but I just brought your mother a WASHING  machine, she's very pleased 
with it.739 GM: Because our mother had a WASHING load, and of course her health 
wasn't particularly  good but she paid Mrs Jackson two and six to do the 
washing.753 MC: APART FROM MRS JACKSON WHO CAME IN TO HELP OUT WITH THE WASHING, 
WERE, DID YOUR  MOTHER HAD ANY OTHER HELP IN THE HOUSE?779
MC: NO, OK. NOW THAT TIME YOU HELPED YOUR OLDER BROTHER BUY YOUR MOTHER A 
WASHING  MACHINE, [GM: I DON'T HEAR YOU VERY WELL, YOU'RE QUITE QUIET FOR ME] 
WHAT YEAR WAS IT  THAT YOU HELPED YOUR OLDER BROTHER BUY YOUR MOTHER THAT 
WASHING MACHINE?809
MC: How much of a difference do you think that things like a WASHING machines 
actually  made to house work?861
GM: Oh yes, it was, you know, for my size because I must have been a squirt. So 
we must  have, I remember doing it, so we must have done the WASHING as well.    
869
MC: DO YOU THINK THAT IT WAS WASHING MACHINES THAT MADE THE BIGGEST DIFFERENCE 
OR WAS IT  SOMETHING ELSE LIKE A FRIDGE OR?   871
GM: Yeah, the WASHING machine to me, then again, the fridge was such an asset 
for the  milk. We had it in the safe outside, yes, and we had to replenish milk 
daily and bread  daily and everything and all those things were of course the 
products....873
MC: WASHING LINE PROP, YEP.       1043
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+++ Searching document int.Mrs LMM '01...

+++ Searching document int.Mrs LMM '98...
      *MC:      MMM. MMM. DO YOU REMEMBER ONCE YOU WERE MARRIED ... GETTING YOUR 
FIRST  WASHING MACHINE?  519
      LMM:      Yes, and it was quite a long time, that was because my mother 
too - it  sounds as if I was sick all the time, but I wasn't, after my second 
boy was born I had  kidney - I'd had kidney trouble a lot in my early teens and 
then after the second boy  was born, we were in Surrey Street then, and mum - I 
wasn't allowed to do the WASHING,  cause water and kidneys don't mix very well, 
so mum used to come through, we had a gate  through the fence, and she used to 
come through and do the washing, I thought it wasn't,  you know, so we decided 
it wasn't very fair on her doing washing for our two, two babies  it was at the 
time, so that was when we got our first washing machine, and, and mum  would, 
you know, cause she didn't want to have that much to do with it, but anyway  
before we left and moved to St. Kilda she made sure she got herself one.521       
So that got her into WASHING machines. But I had a, I had a - oh, it wasn't too  
bad there, I had a, a gas copper, earlier on just had an ordinary old copper you 
had to  stoke, but we'd bought a gas copper, and that was very good too, you 
know, you could put  the naps in and boil them up and it was really good, you 
know, but the washing machine  was great. My husband never washed any overalls 
after that, before that he did his own  overalls, he's always done - printing 
overalls, he's always done them at home, scrubbed  them on a Saturday and done 
them himself, so he - once we got the washing machine that -  he decided that 
was OK, so I didn't mind throwing them in the washing machine. After the  naps 
and everything had come out.  523
      LMM:      Oh, yes, yes, children - I know one, one of my daughters, she's 
got two  children, she said to me one time, oh, I don't know how I'd get if I 
didn't have an  automatic machine, I'd have to have an old wringer WASHING 
machine like you had, I said,  you don't know what work is, you know, they just, 
you know, thought automatic washing  machines was what everybody should have, 
but - we gave them one for their wedding  present, that was what we thought - 
well, that was something everybody wanted, so we did  that with the four of 
them, they got their washing machine. But the ... no, I, I never,  never felt 
that hard done by, but it was mainly because of mum, we thought, well, it  
wasn't fair to her ... washing naps and things, you know.527
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+++ Searching document int.Mr JRMM...

+++ Searching document int.Mrs NN...
      *MC:      DO YOU REMEMBER GETTING YOUR FIRST WASHING-MACHINE?     576
      MC:      HAD YOUR MOTHER HAD A WASHING-MACHINE?  588
      MC:      DID SHE EVER GET A WASHING-MACHINE?     604
      NN:      I was married. No, she didn't have a WASHING-machine.    610
      MC:      WHAT WAS IT, YOU - DO YOU THINK, THAT MADE THE BIGGEST DIFFERENCE 
TO 
HOUSEWORK. WAS IT THINGS LIKE WASHING-MACHINES OR WAS IT HAVING HOT RUNNING 
WATER OR  STOVES OR..?      612
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+++ Searching document int.Mrs NN...
      JN:      Yes, well - oh, yes, oh, they were good, they - when the children 
were  small, eh, when I had three and, and then I had a, a space, you see, and 
then I had my  youngest son, and when my dad retired he used to come over on 
wash- day and he would  take them away for a walk, and, and they'd end up at my 
mother's in Joan Street, and  then after I got the WASHING out, and that was the 
old copper, remember, and I'd get the  washing out, and then I'd go along and 
have my lunch, and the mother would walk back  with me. So it was quite good.    
1426
      MC:      WHEN DID YOU GET YOUR FIRST WASHING MACHINE?1868
      JN:      Uhm, Allan ... Allan was out of nappies, so it must have been 
about forty  years ago, I think, uhm, getting on for forty years ago that I, 
that I got my first  WASHING machine. 1870       JN:      So, yes, it was a long 
- yes, it was, and I think my mother she got one  first, and, and I thought, 
'Oh, wouldn't that make a difference', so I got one as well,  and, oh, it was 
marvel - oh, it was marvellous, oh, I didn't know. I was born then. Oh  dear, oh 
dear, and it was, it was a Hoover, and it wasn't a big one, but oh, it did  
everything good. Mmm, and then I used to put - it had a wringer, an electric 
wringer,  and I used to put them through the wringer and then I used to take 
them outside and  rinse them, you see, that - and that all took time, and it 
didn't take long actually to  do the WASHING then.1882
      JN:      Oh, yes, and they can get, you know, tangled up. Yes. So now it's 
not  like WASHING at all.1914
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+++ Searching document int.Norman, Annie...
	JW:	No WASHING machines.          491
	AN:	That was my - for doing my WASHING in with the washboard.          
507 	JW:	Now an automatic WASHING machine.575
	AN:	And the same with the WASHING machines and all that, and the dryers 
and everything,  you know.        2790
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+++ Searching document int.Paine, I.B....
IP	I transferred to Bible class but I was a bit of a backslider really. It 
was very hard  to cram everything in you see.  Bearing in mind that when I first 
started work even in  an office I had to work Saturday morning and Friday night.  
That was any office that was  associated with a shop.  I was in the time payment 
business you see so I had to work  Friday night sand Saturday mornings.  That 
left you Saturday afternoons for sport and  Sunday when you had to do your 
WASHING etc.  Then it was off to work again on Monday.   There was very little 
spare time.  291
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+++ Searching document int.Randall, Peter...

+++ Searching document int.Mr TR...

+++ Searching document int.Riddell, Beatrice...
          *MC:  OK.  DO YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU GOT MARRIED, WHEN YOU GOT YOUR 
FIRST  WASHING MACHINE?  368
          BR:  I got it when I was here.  I was married a long time before I had 
a  WASHING machine because they weren't in.374
          *MC:  NO, NO.  THEY'RE SO ORDINARY.  DO YOU THINK THAT THINGS LIKE 
WASHING  MACHINES MADE MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE TO HOUSEWORK?       392
          BR:  Oh yes, a lot of difference.  It certainly did.  It was half the 
battle  of your WASHING, although an awful lot of people wouldn't have them.    
394           BR:  I know my mother-in-law wouldn't have a WASHING machine.  She 
preferred 
to do her washing the way she always did it.           398
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+++ Searching document int.Riddell, Wax Vesta...

+++ Searching document int.Roberts, Rose...
RR	Not that I know of.  Women didn't work in those days dear.  They were too 
busy having  babies.  In my day if your mother went to work people looked down 
on them.  They used to  go out WASHING or cleaning not to office jobs and things 
like that.  But it was a case  of necessity then you see.          49
+++ 1 text unit out of 353, = 0.28%

+++ Searching document int.Roebuck, Lew...

+++ Searching document int.Rutherford, Mr & Mrs...
	I:   UM, YOU MENTIONED YOUR MOTHER WAS CRIPPLED, SO WHO DID THE WORK 
AROUND THE HOUSE?   THE WASHING AND THE DISHES, THE COOKING, ALL THAT KIND OF 
THING?        102
+++ 1 text unit out of 625, = 0.16%

+++ Searching document int.Shiel, Gerald...
I:...housework and WASHING? Was your washing sent out to the laundry or did you 
do it?      139
GS:No WASHING ever sent out. It was all done at the house. It was a big house 
and there  was a washhouse at the back .....  141
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+++ Searching document int.Shiel, Miss...
Miss S:Yes we had someone used to come and do the WASHING and that.     249
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+++ Searching document int.Sidey, Stuart...
      SS:      Relatively big. It was built sort of for entertainment, because 
my  grandfather was - as he had a bowling - bowling green there he used to love 
to entertain  people, I suppose that was part of his business really. And 
actually my father, because  he was mayor of Caversham and then member of 
parliament he became patron of every sort  of sporting group in the place, and 
every year that Caversham Harriers used to have a  run from our place, and 
they'd start off there and go trailing round and when they came  back they would 
- there wasn't any WASHING facilities so there were a lot of tubs of  water put 
out for them, and then they had a meal.       57
      MC:     NOW, CAN YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU WERE GROWING UP WHETHER IN YOU 
PARENTS'  HOUSEHOLD THEY HAD A WASHING MACHINE, OR WAS, WERE, WAS ALL THAT KIND 
OF WORK STILL  BEING DONE USING A COPPER?         611
      SS:      And my mother would ring up and the Duke girls would come up with 
a great  big bas - wicker basket about so big and one on either side of it, and 
they'd pick up  the WASHING and take it and do it and the next day they'd bring 
it back.617
      MC:      FILL IT FULL OF THE DIRTY WASHING AND TAKE IT BACK UP AND -627
      MC:      RIGHT. SO THE WASHING WAS SEEN AS SOMETHING THAT WAS EXTRA TO 
THAT,  BECAUSE -         643
      SS:      Yes, well, we must have done quite a different [indistinct] 
because I can  remember a copper being here. I think there was a lot of WASHING 
to do, this is what  happened. Well, over in the Sidey house, over there, they 
had a same principle with the  washing, the laundry was right up - have you been 
there?649
      SS:      So - but then my mother did buy the first WASHING machine that I 
can -  ever came across her, I can remember the name, but it was a copper thing 
and I gave it  to the Seacliff outfit so where it is now I don't know, but -           
661
      SS:      It will be one of the first WASHING machines I've ever seen, I 
think.        665
      SS:      The WASHING machine?669
      SS:      Savage WASHING machine. Savage I think was the name.     677
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+++ Searching document int.Smith, Jean...
	Mrs Smith:  Well, the home in those days was just home, husband and 
children were  everything (MC: mmm) as far as she was concerned and that applied 
to the people that she  knew I would think.  And um when I said to you that she 
kept my brothers and me in cream  until we started school, that was for our good 
clothes, I think she had to be pretty  fussy for that and I can think of the 
house.  We had very little in furniture and knick  knacks, but everything was 
looked after and polished and ah they used to be very proud  of their WASHING 
and the good meals, the good plain meals but the food was very  nourishing.  
I've, I'm still using some of her recipes and at one stage she had a recipe  
book from those early days that she had written in, that had tissue paper in 
between the  leaves, and I was very sorry that she had burnt it, I didn't have 
it (MC: I can imagine)  but I have a lot of her recipes.   143
	MC:  SO, THE AREAS YOUR MOTHER WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR IN CONTRAST, I SUPPOSE 
WOULD HAVE  BEEN THINGS LIKE PROVIDING ALL THE CLOTHING AND DOING ALL THE 
WASHING AND MAKING THE  MEALS, AND ORDER THE FOOD, DOING THE SHOPPING, THAT KIND 
OF THING?      494
+++ 2 text units out of 528, = 0.38%

+++ Searching document int.Mrs ZO...
      ZS:  Well, we didn't have to take tickets like we did over here, but just 
helping  mother, she was, you know with the supper (MC: right) and Herman didn't 
like me waiting  on the tables, he wouldn't have that, so we did the WASHING up 
and all the dishes and  things, and he used to say to me, 'Don't expect me to 
wash the dishes when we're married  because I'm doing enough for it now'.395
      He had a special way of doing those things you see and ah what you did is 
you put  things through a fixing machine, developer and then fixing and that had 
to take 20  minutes WASHING backwards and forwards and Coda, of course worked 
with him, I was  supposed to be helping him but I'd go to sleep.  I remember he 
must have put me on a  couch somewhere and I was sound asleep, and poor old Coda 
is still ploughing through the  water.669
      *MC:  NOW, DID YOUR MOTHER EVER HAVE A WASHING MACHINE?           903
      ZS:  I didn't get one for years.  I had a copper out there and tubs.  When 
I got  my first wringer, I was thrilled to bits and I had this big operation, 
and Herman had to  do the wringing.  I was cut right from the top of the fanny 
up to here and round, you  see, cause I had these two huge holes that the tubes 
had been in when I had the  peritonitis.  (MC:  right) and I had to have the 
doctor's permission, a doctor's  certificate to get it 'cause it was war time 
(MC: to get the wringer) no, to get the  WASHING machine, when I did get one, 
you see. (MC: right).  Well Herman had to help me  with the wringer, and when he 
started to do it, he could see it was damn hard work, so  he said ah, 'You 
better try and get one', and a friend said to me that, 'You'd better  get a 
doctor's certificate and get that', so that is how I got it (MC: right).  That 
was  the first one I had.909       ZS:  No, well bending is alright, I'm alright 
on that.  I loose my balance easily.   I stand my walking stick on the clothes 
line and I could hang on to that you see but now  I don't have to bend over and 
pick the things up and put on the line.  What I'll do  tomorrow you see, Sharon 
is coming at one o'clock to do the luxing, I'll put a wash out  (MC: right) and 
she can put it out for me, but I find it hard doing handWASHING, because  my 
hands are not good, I fell down the stairs at Arthur Barnetts, and I had a 
collies  fracture there and these, although I'm lucky I'm not disfigured.  My 
sister, her fantox  are all over here, and she's got the rheumatoid, I've got 
just the osteo (MC: right).       919       ZS:  Oh yes, 'cause mother was over 
(41?), Herman used to say to me, the other  time, when I went in and this big 
operation, Nellie came up here and kept house for  Herman and the two kids, and 
dad used to come up each night and have his meals here, and  he said that he's 
never seen the house so clean, 'cause I had my nose in a book you see.   Never 
forget reading, what will we do with that damn phone, you know she had to polish  
and she scrubbed and with so many of us, when she did the WASHING, she would 
have to ah  get them dry, ironed and back on the beds again, 'cause she didn't 
have much of a supply  (MC: mmm).  It fluctuated sometimes if the old man went 
to a sale, he would come home  with householdlinen or something like that and ah 
it was all of the kids.  She was, she  kept the place you know as I said, Herman 
said that he'd never seen the place so clean.   She just couldn't keep still, 
she had to be polishing, she loved to be, I've seen her at  12 o'clock at night, 
her poor old legs with the veins up here, barefeet, singing away  and ironing.      
923
+++ 6 text units out of 1071, = 0.56%

+++ Searching document int.Sparkes, Shirley...
      *MC:      DO YOU REMEMBER WHEN THE FAMILY GOT ITS FIRST WASHING 
MACHINE?383
      SS:      My mother never had a WASHING machine, but she did at times send 
to a  laundry, and they would do the sheets and everything and, and iron those, 
and otherwise  she'd just, eh,  do her washing in the tubs in the washhouse, and 
had a copper, which  was a fuel-copper.385
      *MC:      OK. OK. WHEN DID YOU GET YOUR FIRST WASHING MACHINE AFTER YOU 
MARRIED?      395
      MC:      RIGHT. HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DID THINGS LIKE WASHING MACHINES 
MAKE TO  HOUSEWORK?        399
+++ 4 text units out of 471, = 0.85%

+++ Searching document int.Mrs MT...
SB:  OK.  WHEN WAS THE FIRST TIME YOUR FAMILY GOT A FRIDGE AND A WASHING 
MACHINE?           618
MT:  She never had a fridge.  She got her WASHING machine with me and I've never  
forgotten it.  It would be somewhere in the '60s.  Late '60s.           628
+++ 2 text units out of 2483, = 0.08%

+++ Searching document int.Thorn, Patricia...
      *MC:      THAT'S FINE. UHM, DO YOU HAVE ANY SENSE THAT OVER THE PERIOD OF 
YOUR  LIFE THAT HOUSEWORK HAS CHANGED A LOT? THAT THINGS LIKE VACUM CLEANERS AND 
WASHING  MACHINES OR REFRIGERATORS -        373
      PT:      Oh yes, oh definitely yes, because we used to have a copper range 
and  two, two wooden tubs and the, the WASHING was all done in the copper range 
which had to  be fired out in, in the separate wash house and we, we didn't have 
a refrigerator when I  was small, we had a safe, it was by the back door, and 
mother used to preserve eggs and  ice in glass, you know, in a great big 
kerosene tin, and they were used for when she was  making Christmas puddings and 
things like that, you know, get the eggs out, and it  wasn't till, oh ... oh, 
well in 19 - I was, I might have been working, I don't remember  when we first 
got a fridge.        379
      MC:      CAN YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU MOTHER FIRST GOT A WASHING MACHINE?385
      PT:      Eh, yes, that would be ... oh, now ... I would think it would be, 
oh it  would be in the mid 1940's, it would have to be, would have to be ... 
because I can  remember, you know, for years you - doing the WASHING in the - 
and having a stick that  lifted out the, the hot clothes out and into the 
rinsing water and then the blue into  the tub and the next tub and then rung 
through a hand-wringer and then taken out and put  on the line. I did that 
myself, you know, and I would have been well over - working ...  by those times, 
so it would have been the 1940's I think.387
      PT:      Yes, but, but just when I, I don't know, that was, that was, oh 
that was  quite a, an event, and we foolishly got one that had an electric 
heater in the bottom so  it had to wait for the water to heat, cause until we 
cottoned on to the fact that that  didn't need to happen we could boil the water 
in the copper, and put that into the  WASHING machine, you know, which did the 
same thing, but oh, to have it electric, oh it  was marvellous, it was a 
wonderful addition.           391
+++ 5 text units out of 471, = 1.1%

+++ Searching document int.Mrs MTd...
      MC:  WAS IT COMMON TO HAVE WASHING MACHINES?     508
      MT:  I didn't have one but I did have one when I came here.  I had a 
copper.  I  had a WASHING machine pretty early in the piece.       510
      MC:  HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DID THINGS LIKE WASHING MACHINES MAKE?516
      MT:  The WASHING machine was a great help.  We had an open fire but Bill 
always  did that.  He always emptied the ashes before he went to work.  I was 
lucky.526
+++ 4 text units out of 1216, = 0.33%

+++ Searching document int.White, J...
      JW:  Oh well I would help with the likes of the WASHING and that sort of 
thing.   Of course they were working and - still there - and all that sort of 
thing, you know.   No, they just did, they did what was asked of them.    549       
JW:  I don't think so.  No, no.  I never ever felt that way.  I never felt that 
I  had to do more than they did.  No.  Of course with Mum in the house there was 
two women  and I suppose I didn't have to do a lot.  But I know I used to help 
with the WASHING.       553
      *MC:  NOW CAN YOU REMEMBER YOUR FAMILY GETTING THEIR FIRST WASHING 
MACHINE?           917
      JW:  I got my first WASHING machine when I lived here.  My mother-in-law 
had it.   When they first brought out the washing machines they'd say, advertise 
come and do your  washing for you.  So my mother-in-law thought it might be a 
good idea.  So she said yes  and they could bring one up and do her washing for 
her.  Well, she had seven in her  family.  She got all her week's washing done 
for her and then they washed her blankets  for her all in this washing machine.  
So she bought the washing machine.919
      MC:  BOY I BET SHE BOUGHT THE WASHING MACHINE.   921
      Well one day she was doing the WASHING and she had dainty little hands my 
mother-in-law.  She had very dainty wee hands.  She got this hand caught in the 
wringer.   Well that machine, that model machine you had to whack it like that 
to release the  rollers.  Well she must have been, this hand and she had to go 
like that and she  couldn't release it.  So in the finish she picked up 
something and she hammered on the  window.  'Help me, help me.'  A man was going 
Cole Street right up the top and the  street goes round the back.  He heard her 
and he came in and said, 'Is somebody in  trouble?'  She said, 'Please come in 
quickly.'  So he came in and saw what's happened.   The machine was starting to 
smoke.  So he turned the switch off in the kitchen and  released it.  Well she 
never used the machine after that.  Her youngest son was still at  home and he 
did the washing every Saturday for her.  But she never used it.  Well then  when 
he got married she said that she was only going to do her washing in the tub and  
she gave me her washing machine.   925
      JW:  So that was my first WASHING machine.  But I had no problems with it.  
But  then as time went on they brought better ones out.  It was a Beatty.  One 
of the first  Beattys that ever came out.        929
      MC:  IT'S AMAZING, ISN'T IT?  YOU CAN PUT THE WASHING ON AND YOU CAN JUST 
GO AWAY.  
935
      MC:  NOW HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DO YOU THINK THAT THINGS LIKE WASHING 
MACHINES  MADE TO HOUSEWORK?939
+++ 9 text units out of 1026, = 0.88%

+++ Searching document int.Wilkie, John ...
     *MC:  WHEN YOU WERE GROWING UP DID YOUR FAMILY HAVE THINGS LIKE WASHING 
MACHINES?
      345      JW:  I often say to people that when I got married and lived in 
the house along  Gladstone Road there, a solicitor had lived there.  He was the 
owner of it and we rented  it.  We hardly looked through it you know.  When we 
got in there was a coal range, no  fridge, no WASHING machine, no vanity in the 
bathroom. There was an enamel basin on a  board over the bath.  Now how many 
marriages would last today if you took a girl to a  house with those?  No 
fridge, washing machine, coal range and basin over the bath.  That  would be the 
end of ninety percent of the marriages today.347
     MC:  WHAT DID YOUR MOTHER HAVE?  DID SHE HAVE A WASHING MACHINE?   349
     JW:  Oh yes.  Actually my wife, they have everything electric.  Range, 
WASHING  machine, fridge.  I think my wife had been away to boarding school for 
four years.  So  to take her to that was a mark of [indistinct].  We were 
married for fifty years.  It  was a beginning with nothing you might say.  We 
just worked our way up the ladder.          355
+++ 4 text units out of 399, = 1.0%

+++ Searching document int.Wilkinson, Isabel...
      *MC:      RIGHT. NOW, CAN YOU REMEMBER WHEN YOU GOT YOUR FIRST WASHING 
MACHINE?       471
      IW:      Well, when the house was built it was a gas, uhm, boiler. Then we 
got -  later on we got a, an electric WASHING machine. With a gas boiler there 
was the two  concrete tubs which had a wringer between two, and you took the 
clothes out of the  boiler with a stick into this first tub of water, put it 
through the wringer into the  [indistinct] water.473
      IW:      With the WASHING machine of course it, it went right round to 
spinning  them dry. Had a different - types of water went into it.477
      MC:      ABOUT WHAT TIME DID YOU GET THAT FIRST ELECTRIC WASHING 
MACHINE?479
      IW:      But I can't remember when we got a WASHING machine now.  485
      MC:      NOW, HOW MUCH OF A DIFFERENCE DO YOU THINK THINGS LIKE THE FRIDGE 
AND THE  WASHING MACHINE MADE TO HOUSEWORK? 491
+++ 6 text units out of 591, = 1.0%

+++ Searching document int.Wilson, Florence...
	WL:	AND YOUR MOTHER WOULD HAVE A BIG WASHING DAY, WASHING DAY MONDAY?  
340
	WL:	AND IN ADDITION TO ALL THIS WASHING THERE WOULD BE THE PREGNANCIES
360
+++ 2 text units out of 678, = 0.29%

+++ Searching document int.Wilson, Helen...
      *MC:      DO YOU REMEMBER YOUR MOTHER OR YOU GETTING YOUR FIRST WASHING 
MACHINE?      951
      MC:      SO IT WASN'T UNTIL YOU GOT TO TOWN THAT YOUR MOTHER GOT A WASHING  
MACHINE.          971
      HW:      Oh, it wasn't until ... oh, wait a minute ... we didn't get a 
WASHING  machine, we had a gas copper up at Grant Street, and it wasn't until 
... we got one of  those swirly ones, you know, round ones -973
      HW:      And ... we said to mother I felt she should get a WASHING 
machine, that's  right. Well, I don't think we got that washing machine until I 
was about ... oh ... eh,  not long before mother died, and she died in 1957.     
977       MC:      GOOD HEAVENS. SO YOU DIDN'T HAVE A WASHING MACHINE 
979
      MC:      BUT I THINK I'VE GOT A GRASP OF IT NOW. WHY DO YOU THINK YOU 
DIDN'T GET A  WASHING MACHINE UNTIL SO LATE, BECAUSE THEY WERE AVAILABLE EARLIER 
THAN THAT, WEREN'T  THEY?1023
+++ 6 text units out of 1143, = 0.52%


+++++++++++++++++++++++++
+++ Results of text search for 'washing':
++ Total number of text units found = 308
++ Finds in 57 documents out of 89 online documents, = 64%.
++ The online documents with finds have a total of 67490 text units,
   so text units found in these documents = 0.46%.
++ The selected online documents have a total of 95427 text units,
   so text units found in these documents = 0.32%.
++++++++++